National Parks in Mongolia

In line with its international commitment to conserve up to 30% of its territory for biodiversity protection, Mongolia has designated 102 Special Protected Areas, covering approximately 28 million hectares, or 17.86% of the country’s total land area. These State Special Protected Areas are categorized into four levels:
1. National Conservation Parks (Strictly Protected Areas)
2. Natural Complex Areas (National Parks)
3. Natural Reserves
4. National Monument Areas

Mongolia is currently home to 37 national parks, or in other words, Natural Complex Areas, each offering a unique combination of stunning landscapes, rich biodiversity, and historical heritage. From the snow-capped peaks of the west to the vast sand dunes of the Gobi Desert, these parks are must-visit destinations for travelers in search of adventure, cultural experiences, and untouched nature.

Here are the five most visited and iconic national parks in Mongolia.

Location: 360 km southwest of Ulaanbaatar

Recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1996, the Orkhon Valley is often called the cradle of Mongolian civilization. This vast area in central Mongolia holds incredible historical significance, having been continuously inhabited since the Paleolithic era—over 40,000 years ago.

The valley follows the Orkhon River and is dotted with key archaeological and cultural sites:

• Khar Balgas – The ancient capital of the Uyghur Khaganate.

• Karakorum – The 13th-century capital of the Mongol Empire.

• Erdene Zuu Monastery – The oldest Buddhist monastery in Mongolia, built in 1586.

Besides its historical wealth, the valley features lush pastures, waterfalls such as Ulaan Tsutgalan, and traditional nomadic life, offering visitors a rich cultural and scenic experience.

Location: 60 km east of Ulaanbaatar

Located just a short drive from the capital, Gorkhi-Terelj National Park is known for its dramatic rock formations, forested hills, and alpine meadows. It’s one of the most accessible parks and a favorite weekend getaway for both locals and tourists.

Popular sites within the park include:

• Turtle Rock (Melkhii Khad) – A massive rock shaped like a turtle.

• Aryabal Meditation Temple – A peaceful temple nestled in the mountains with panoramic views.

• Princess Temple and Terelj Hundred Trees – Sites of spiritual and natural interest.

Although the park spans over 2,900 square kilometers, only a small section near the main road is developed for tourism. It’s also a great spot for hiking, horseback riding, and experiencing nomadic hospitality.

Location: Bayan-Ölgii Province, western Mongolia

Altai Tavan Bogd (meaning “Five Sacred Peaks of Altai”) is the most stunning and remote national park in Mongolia. It lies at the junction of Mongolia, China, and Russia and features Mongolia’s highest peak, Khüiten Peak, standing at 4,374 meters above sea level.

Key highlights:

• Potanin Glacier – The country’s largest glacier.

• Tavan Bogd Massif – A group of five snow-capped mountains.

• Petroglyph Complexes of the Mongolian Altai – UNESCO-listed rock carvings.

• Rich biodiversity, including snow leopards, Argali sheep, ibex, and Altai marmots.

The park also hosts many Kazakh nomadic families, known for their eagle hunting traditions, offering cultural as well as natural exploration.

Location: 90 km west of Ulaanbaatar

Khustai National Park is one of Mongolia’s most successful conservation stories. Established in 1993, it is best known for reintroducing the Przewalski’s horse (Takhi), the only remaining truly wild horse species in the world, which had become extinct in the wild by the 1960s.

Today, over 400 Takhi roam freely across the park’s 506 sq km area. In addition to these iconic horses, the park is home to:

• Red deer, roe deer, wild boars, and gazelles.

• A variety of bird species and rare flora.

• Moltsog Els – A nearby semi-desert sand dune area, great for short hikes and camel rides.

The park is easily accessible by road and has eco-camps and visitor centers offering wildlife tours and educational experiences.

Location: South Gobi Province

Spanning more than 27,000 sq km, Gobi Gurvansaikhan National Park is the largest national park in Mongolia, named after the three main mountain ranges running through it. It features the spectacular desert landscapes that have made the Gobi famous worldwide.

Must-see attractions:

• Khongor Sand Dunes – Towering up to 300 meters and stretching 180 km.

• Yol Valley (Yolyn Am) – A deep gorge known for its ice field, which can remain year-round.

• Dungeenee Canyon and Gegeet Valley – Scenic spots with chances to see ibex and lammergeiers.

• Khongor River – A rare river flowing through the desert dunes.

Tourist camps near the park provide comfortable stays, camel trekking, and 4×4 excursions through the desert terrain. Despite its remote location, tourism infrastructure has improved significantly in recent years.