Mongolian Geography

Location: Mongolia is the world’s second largest landlocked country in the North-East Asia bordering China with 4.673 km in the south and Russian Federation with 3485 km in the north.

Location:
Mongolia is the world’s second largest landlocked country in Northeast Asia, bordering China to the south for 4,673 km and the Russian Federation to the north for 3,485 km.

Territory:
The total territory of the country is 1.566 million square kilometers, which equates to approximately 1 square kilometer per 1.6 persons. It is the 6th largest country in Asia and the 18th largest in the world.

Geography:
Mongolia encompasses a wide range of terrain, including mountains, grassy steppes, and vast flat deserts. Most of the north and west consists of mountainous or hilly grasslands, while the Gobi Desert occupies most of the south and east. Although the country is landlocked and has lakes and streams in certain areas, the combination of its rugged terrain and low water supply means that only a small percentage of the land is arable.
About 90 percent of this landlocked country is covered by deserts or pastures with extreme climatic conditions, making it home to the largest temperate grassland habitat. Grassland and shrubland cover 55 percent of the country, forests cover only 6 percent in the steppe zone, 36 percent is covered by desert vegetation, and only 1 percent is used for human habitation and agriculture. The vegetation in the Eastern temperate steppe is primarily grassland, which is the largest of its kind in the world.
Mongolia has approximately 3,000 rivers with a combined length of about 67,000 kilometers, over 3,000 lakes, 6,900 springs (including 250 mineral water springs), and 190 glaciers.

Climate:
It has a dry continental climate with desert, steppe, and mountain zones that experience large daily and seasonal temperature fluctuations. Mongolia’s average annual rainfall measures between 200 and 220 millimeters, and it enjoys approximately 250 cloudless days each year, earning it the nickname “Country of Blue Sky.”

Major Natural Resources:
Copper, coal, iron ore, gold, silver, fluorspar, uranium, tin, tungsten, oil, and rare earth elements.